R - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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From the Etruscan letter 𐌓 (r, “er”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ρ (R, “rho”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤓 (r, “reš”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓁶.
R (lower case r)
- The eighteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
- (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
- (Variations of letter R): Ŕŕ Řř Ṙṙ Ŗŗ Ȑȑ Ȓȓ Ṛṛ Ṝṝ Ṟṟ Ɍɍ Ɽɽ ᵲ ᶉ ɼ ɾ ᵳ Ʀʀ Rr
R
- Abbreviation of ronna-.
- (currency symbol) Rand, national currency of South Africa.
- (metrology) roentgen
- (physics) resistance (in electricity)
- (organic chemistry) An unspecified radical, usually containing a carbon atom that binds to the structure of interest.
- Alcohols have the generic formula ROH.
- (genetics) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for any purine.
- (biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for arginine.
- (linguistics) A wildcard for a rhotic consonant or a resonant (sonorant).
- synonyms: S for a sonorant
- (linguistics) A wildcard for a rhotic archiphoneme, such as the conflation of /r/ and /ɾ/ in certain positions in Spanish.
- (linguistics) rising tone.
- (finance) Long-term bond credit rating by S&P Global Ratings, indicating that a bond is extremely speculative and possibly in default, with some prospect of debt recovery.
- Letter styles
-
Uppercase and lowercase versions of R, in normal and italic type
-
Uppercase and lowercase R in Fraktur
Character=RPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
Other representations of R:
From the Etruscan letter 𐌓 (r, “er”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ρ (R, “rho”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤓 (r, “reš”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓁶.
(Name of letter)
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɑː/
- (General American) enPR: är, IPA(key): /ɑɹ/
- (Ireland) IPA(key): /ɔːɹ/, /aːɹ/
- (African-American Vernacular) IPA(key): /ˈɑɹə/
- Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)
- Homophones: ah, or, oar, ore, are, our, hour (in various accents)
R (upper case, lower case r, plural Rs or R's)
- The eighteenth letter of the English alphabet, called ar and written in the Latin script.
- (Latin-script letters) letter; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The ordinal number eighteenth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called ar and written in the Latin script.
Abbreviations
R
- (entomology) radius
- (US politics) Abbreviation of Republican, especially preceding the constituent location.
R-Texas
- Antonym: D (“Democrat”)
- (monarchy) rex (“king”) or regina (“queen”); the initial by which a British monarch signs documents after his or her name
- (handbells) ring
- (chess) rook
- (baseball, cricket) runs, the statistic reporting the number of runs scored by a player
- (law) the Crown, the government of a monarchy (abbreviating rex (“king”) or regina (“queen”))
- (especially in university catalogs) Thursday
2000 August, M.W. Carter, “A Comprehensive Course Timetabling and Student Scheduling System at the University of Waterloo”, in Edmund Burke, Wilhelm Erben, editors, Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling III, Springer, published 2001, →ISBN, page 66:
8:30 MWF (3 x 1 hour) […] 8:30-10 TR (2 x 1.5 hours)
- 2007, W. Ted Mahavier, “Syllabus for Analysis” (Lamar University course syllabus), appendix II.A of Charles A. Coppin et al., The Moore Method: A Pathway to Learner-Centered Instruction, Mathematical Association of America (2009), →ISBN, page 201:
- Office Hours: MTWRF: 9:00–11:00, 1:30–3:00 or stop by my office anytime.
R
- (film certification) restricted
- reverse
- right (as opposed to left)
R
- (religion) In the context of the documentary hypothesis, the Redactor(s) who compiled and edited the Torah.
2006, David Ringo Miano, Shadow on the steps[1] (dissertation), UC San Diego, page 5:
One needs to be careful, however, to distinguish between original P and the work of the later priestly Redactor (R), who edited P and other documents in the postexilic period.
R
- The twelfth letter in the Afar alphabet.
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The eighteenth letter of the Afrikaans alphabet, written in the Latin script.
R upper case (lower case r)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The nineteenth letter of the Basque alphabet, called erre and written in the Latin script.
- /ʀ/ is from West Germanic *r. In most dialects it is vowelised in two cases: (1.) between a short vowel and an alveolar, (2.) after a long vowel. Especially in the former case it may also be lost entirely.
R
- A letter in the German-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
- A letter in the Dutch-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
Doubling of R
- In the German-based spelling, r is doubled after short vowels except in certain function words and when the letter is followed by another consonant within the word stem.
- In the Dutch-based spelling, r is doubled after short vowels if the syllable were otherwise open.
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ngaau1 / aau1
- Yale: ngāau / āau
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngaau1 / aau1
- Guangdong Romanization: ngao1 / ao1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaːu̯⁵⁵/, /aːu̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
R
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): aa1 lou4 / aau1 / aau1 lou4 / aa1
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1a
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: àr
- Zhuyin: ㄚˋㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: àr
- Wade–Giles: a4-ʼrh
- Yale: àr
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: all
- Palladius: ар (ar)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀɑɻ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: à'er
- Zhuyin: ㄚˋ ˙ㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: à-e̊r
- Wade–Giles: a4-êrh5
- Yale: à-er
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ah.el
- Palladius: аэр (aer)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: aa1 lou4 / aau1 / aau1 lou4 / aa1
- Yale: ā lòuh / āau / āau lòuh / ā
- Cantonese Pinyin: aa1 lou4 / aau1 / aau1 lou4 / aa1
- Guangdong Romanization: a1 lou4 / ao1 / ao1 lou4 / a1
- Sinological IPA (key): /aː⁵⁵ lou̯²¹/, /aːu̯⁵⁵/, /aːu̯⁵⁵ lou̯²¹/, /aː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Note: aa1 - Used by non-rhotic proficient speakers of English, mostly in Hong Kong.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: a
- Tâi-lô: a
- Phofsit Daibuun: af
- IPA (Xiamen): /a⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: a5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: â
- Sinological IPA (key): /a⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Wu
R
- The eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet.
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, common)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: rī
- Zhuyin: ㄖ
- Tongyong Pinyin: rih
- Wade–Giles: jih1
- Yale: r̄
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rhy
- Palladius: жи (ži)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʐ̩⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, official)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: ār
- Zhuyin: ㄚㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ar
- Wade–Giles: a1-ʼrh
- Yale: ār
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: al
- Palladius: ар (ar)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀɑɻ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, common)+
R
- The eighteenth letter used in Pinyin.
- 《汉语拼音方案》 defines a standard pronunciation for each letter. However, these pronunciations are rarely used in education; another pronunciation is commonly used instead.
- The pronunciation above are only used while referring to letters in Pinyin. They are not used in other context (such as English).
R (capital, lowercase r)
- the eighteenth letter of the Dutch alphabet
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The twenty-first letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called ro and written in the Latin script.
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The eighteenth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called err and written in the Latin script.
The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and R for information on the development of the glyph itself.
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The eighteenth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called är or er and written in the Latin script.
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The eighteenth letter of the German alphabet.
- The letter R has a variety of possible realisations in contemporary German. Three positions must be distinguished:
- Before vowels, the variation is mostly between a uvular consonant (fricative, approximant, or rarely trill) and an alveolar consonant (trill, flap, or rarely approximant). In northern, central, and south-western Germany, the alveolar pronunciation is now rare and chiefly restricted to the elderly generation of some areas. In south-eastern Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and South Tyrol, it remains more common; but even in these regions the uvular R is gaining ground and is already strongly predominant in some parts (e.g. Vienna).
- Word-finally and before consonants, most accents may vowelise R to [ɐ̯]~[ə̯], but in different ways. Vowelisation is commonest after long vowels and /ə/, where it is also prescribed in the broadcasting standard. A majority of speakers, however, vowelise R after short vowels, too. The resulting diphthongs may be contracted and length distinctions before vowelised R may be lost. The degree to which this happens differs regionally and idiolectally.
- Before the syllable -en /ən/, many speakers also vowelise R, though this is commonest in fast or casual speech, and consonantal realisations may be retained depending on the rhythm of the phrase as well as the formality of the context.
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The twenty-ninth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called err and written in the Latin script.
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | R | R-ek |
accusative | R-et | R-eket |
dative | R-nek | R-eknek |
instrumental | R-rel | R-ekkel |
causal-final | R-ért | R-ekért |
translative | R-ré | R-ekké |
terminative | R-ig | R-ekig |
essive-formal | R-ként | R-ekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | R-ben | R-ekben |
superessive | R-en | R-eken |
adessive | R-nél | R-eknél |
illative | R-be | R-ekbe |
sublative | R-re | R-ekre |
allative | R-hez | R-ekhez |
elative | R-ből | R-ekből |
delative | R-ről | R-ekről |
ablative | R-től | R-ektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
R-é | R-eké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
R-éi | R-ekéi |
Possessive forms of R | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | R-em | R-jeim |
2nd person sing. | R-ed | R-jeid |
3rd person sing. | R-je | R-jei |
1st person plural | R-ünk | R-jeink |
2nd person plural | R-etek | R-jeitek |
3rd person plural | R-jük | R-jeik |
- (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.
R (lower case r)
- The eighteenth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.
R f or m (invariable, upper case, lower case r)
- The sixteenth letter of the Italian alphabet, called erre and written in the Latin script.
From the romanization, which begins with R (R).
- Abbreviation of 令和 (Reiwa).
The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and R for development of the glyph itself.
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The twenty-fifth letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
R
- (especially coins) Abbreviation of Roma, Rome.
- Abbreviation of Romanus, Roman.
- Abbreviation of Rufus.
R
- (Catholicism) Abbreviation of responsorium, responsory, breviary.
- (Judaism) Abbreviation of rabbī.
- 1655, Edward Pococke, באב מוסי: Porta Moſis, ſive, diſſertationes aliqvot à R. Moſe Maimonide, main title
R (plural RR)
- Abbreviation of reverendus, holy, reverend.
- Abbreviation of reverendissimus, most holy, most reverend.
- R in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The twenty-fifth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script.
- (Name of letter) IPA(key): [ar]
- (Phoneme, Syllable initial) IPA(key): [r]
- (Phoneme, Syllable final) IPA(key): [(r)]
R
- The eighteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The twentieth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.
The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and R for development of the glyph itself.
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The twenty-third letter of the Polish alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script.
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The eighteenth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
R (upper case, lower case r)
- (International Standard) The twenty-second letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
- (Pan-Vlax) The twenty-third letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).
R (upper case, lower case r)
R (upper case, lower case r)
The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and R for development of the glyph itself.
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The twenty-fifth letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
R (lower case r)
- The twenty-seventh letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.
R (capital, lowercase r)
- The eighteenth letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script.
- The twenty-fifth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Resian), written in the Latin script.
- The nineteenth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Natisone Valley dialect), written in the Latin script.
R upper case (lower case r)
- The eighth letter of the Somali alphabet, called ra and written in the Latin script.
R (upper case, lower case r)
- the 19th letter of the Spanish alphabet
Borrowed from Spanish R. Each pronunciation has a different source:
- Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English R.
- Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜇ (da/ra).
- Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish R.
R (upper case, lower case r, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔)
- The twentieth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called ar and written in the Latin script.
- (Latin-script letters) titik; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
R (upper case, lower case r, Baybayin spelling ᜇ)
- The fifteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called ra and written in the Latin script.
R (upper case, lower case r, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜒ)
- (historical) The twenty-first letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called ere and written in the Latin script.
- “R”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The twenty-first letter of the Turkish alphabet, called re and written in the Latin script.
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔɛ˧˧ zəː˨˩], [zəː˨˩]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɛ˧˧ ʐəː˦˩], [ʐəː˦˩]
- (Saigon) IPA(key): [ʔɛ˧˧ ɹəː˨˩], [ɹəː˨˩]
- Phonetic spelling: e rờ, rờ
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The twenty-second letter of the Vietnamese alphabet, called e-rờ or rờ and written in the Latin script.
- (Quốc ngữ letters) chữ cái; A a (À à, Ả ả, Ã ã, Á á, Ạ ạ), Ă ă (Ằ ằ, Ẳ ẳ, Ẵ ẵ, Ắ ắ, Ặ ặ), Â â (Ầ ầ, Ẩ ẩ, Ẫ ẫ, Ấ ấ, Ậ ậ), B b, C c (Ch ch), D d, Đ đ, E e (È è, Ẻ ẻ, Ẽ ẽ, É é, Ẹ ẹ), Ê ê (Ề ề, Ể ể, Ễ ễ, Ế ế, Ệ ệ), G g (Gh gh, Gi gi), H h, I i (Ì ì, Ỉ ỉ, Ĩ ĩ, Í í, Ị ị), K k (Kh kh), L l, M m, N n (Ng ng, Ngh ngh, Nh nh), O o (Ò ò, Ỏ ỏ, Õ õ, Ó ó, Ọ ọ), Ô ô (Ồ ồ, Ổ ổ, Ỗ ỗ, Ố ố, Ộ ộ), Ơ ơ (Ờ ờ, Ở ở, Ỡ ỡ, Ớ ớ, Ợ ợ), P p (Ph ph), Q q (Qu qu), R r, S s, T t (Th th, Tr tr), U u (Ù ù, Ủ ủ, Ũ ũ, Ú ú, Ụ ụ), Ư ư (Ừ ừ, Ử ử, Ữ ữ, Ứ ứ, Ự ự), V v, X x, Y y (Ỳ ỳ, Ỷ ỷ, Ỹ ỹ, Ý ý, Ỵ ỵ)
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The twenty-second letter of the Welsh alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by Ph and followed by Rh.
- R cannot be mutated in Welsh.
- (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Î î, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “R”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The nineteenth letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called rí and written in the Latin script.
- (Latin-script letters) lẹ́tà; A a (Á á, À à, Ā ā), B b, D d, E e (É é, È è, Ē ē), Ẹ ẹ (Ẹ́ ẹ́, Ẹ̀ ẹ̀, Ẹ̄ ẹ̄), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Ī ī), J j, K k, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ō ō), Ọ ọ (Ọ́ ọ́, Ọ̀ ọ̀, Ọ̄ ọ̄), P p, R r, S s, Ṣ ṣ, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Ū ū), W w, Y y
- (Benin) (Latin-script letters) lɛ́tà; A a, B b, D d, E e, Ɛ ɛ, F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i, J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ɔ ɔ, P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, U u, W w, Y y
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The eighteenth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.