z - Wiktionary, the free dictionary


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Character variations

  • Pronunciation of IPA [zɑː, ɑzzɑː] with the sound [z]:(file)

z (upper case Z)

  1. The twenty-sixth and last letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

z

  1. (metrology) Symbol for the prefix zepto-.
  2. (astronomy) Symbol for the redshift.
  3. (mathematics) Used to denote a real variable when x and y are already in use.
     
  4. (mathematics) Used to denote the third coordinate in three-dimensional Cartesian and cylindrical coordinate systems.
     
  5. (mathematics) Used to denote a complex variable.
     
  6. (statistics) Used to denote a value of a standard normal random variable.
     
  7. (chemistry) Symbol for atomic number.
  8. (IPA) a voiced alveolar sibilant.
  9. (superscript ⟨ᶻ⟩, IPA) [z]-fricated release of a plosive (e.g. [dᶻ], sometimes implying an affricate [d͜z]); [z]-coloring; or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [z].
    Lushootseed uses the affricate convention for its alphabetic letter ⟨dᶻ⟩.
Prefix zepto-
  • Letter styles

  • Uppercase and lowercase versions of Z, in normal and italic type

  • Uppercase and lowercase Z in Fraktur

Other representations of Z:

Letter name

Phoneme

z (lower case, upper case Z, plural zs or z's)

  1. The twenty-sixth letter of the English alphabet, called zed, zee, or izzard and written in the Latin script.

Abbreviations.

z

  1. (stenoscript) the sound /z/, regardless of spelling.
    Note: plural /s/, /z/ or /əz/ in nouns is instead indicated by an optional dot under last letter; 3sg /s/, /z/ or /əz/ in verbs is not written at all, except for hz 'has', sz 'says', dz 'does'
  2. (stenoscript) the sound /ʃ/, /ʒ/, or the sequence /ziː/.
  3. (stenoscript) Abbreviation of as, was, his, she.

z (upper case Z)

  1. The thirty-fifth letter of the Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

z n

  1. Synonym of s: the
    Gfallt der z Huus? ― Do you like the house?

z

  1. unstressed form of of zue
    Mir wonen z Züri. ― We live in Zurich.

z

  1. unstressed form of of zu
    Das isch z vill. ― This is too much.

z lower case (upper case Z)

  1. The thirty-second letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
  • IPA(key): /s̻eta/, [s̻e̞.t̪a]

z (lower case, upper case Z)

  1. The twenty-seventh letter of the Basque alphabet, called zeta and written in the Latin script.

z (upper case Z)

  1. A letter of the Mazahua alphabet.

z

  1. (Luserna) the; definite article for two declensions:
    1. nominative singular neuter
    2. accusative singular neuter
Cimbrian definite articles
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative dar de / di 's / z de / di
Accusative in de / di 's / z de / di
Dative me dar me in

Inherited from Old Czech z, ze, from Proto-Slavic *jьz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs.

z [with genitive]

  1. from
    Toto víno pochází z Francie. ― This wine comes from France.
  2. out of
    Pět z deseti doktorů doporučuje tuto zubní pastu. ― Five out of ten doctors recommend this toothpaste.
  • The more usual form is z, while ze is used before words starting with s, z and certain consonant clusters.
  • In certain contexts (in the meaning "out of the surface" or "down from the surface") the preposition s, which normally requires instrumental case, can be used synonymously requiring the genitive case. This use of the preposition s is dated though and is mainly seen in older literature.
    • spadnout z/s kopce ― to fall down the hill
    • sundat něco ze/se skříně ― to take something off the cupboard
  • “z”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935-1957
  • “z”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

z (lower case, upper case Z)

  1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.
  • Previous letter: y

 m

  1. door bolt of wood or copper [since the Pyramid Texts]

Declension of z (masculine)

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of z  

z
[Old Kingdom] [New Kingdom] [Late Period] [Late Period]

Speculatively, Ehret hypothesizes an origin in Proto-Afroasiatic *ji (one, someone, somebody); as with other attempts at reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic, academic consensus is lacking. Compare Hebrew זֶה.

z&A1&Z1

 m

  1. man (male person) [since the Old Kingdom]
  2. someone, anyone
    • c. 1944 BCE, (year 17 of the reign of Senusret I), Stela of Mentuwoser (MMA 12.184), lines 11–12:
      nj sḏr z ḥqr.w r dmj.j
      No one went to bed hungry in my district.

This word can be placed after a type of person and before a number to indicate that many prisoners of that type were taken.

Declension of z (masculine)

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of z  

z

 m

  1. being, creature (used of a snake) [Pyramid Texts]

Declension of z (masculine)

z

 m

  1. A type of fish [22nd dynasty]

Declension of z (masculine)

z (lower case, upper case Z)

  1. The twenty-eighth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called zo and written in the Latin script.

z (lower case, upper case Z)

  1. The twenty-first letter of the Estonian alphabet, called tsett and written in the Latin script.
  • Used only in loanwords.

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and z for information on the development of the glyph itself.

  • Audio (letter name); “tset”:(file)

z (lower case, upper case Z)

  1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called tseta or tset and written in the Latin script.
  • Used only in loanwords. In more established loanwords replaced with ts.
  • (letter name) IPA(key): /zɛd/

z (lower case, upper case Z)

  1. The twenty-sixth letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.

z

  1. Romanization of 𐌶

z (uppel case Z)

  1. A letter of the Heiltsuk alphabet, written in the Latin script.
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): [ˈz]
  • (letter name): IPA(key): [ˈzeː]

z (lower case, upper case Z)

  1. The thirty-ninth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called zé and written in the Latin script.
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative z z-k
accusative z-t z-ket
dative z-nek z-knek
instrumental z-vel z-kkel
causal-final z-ért z-kért
translative z-vé z-kké
terminative z-ig z-kig
essive-formal z-ként z-kként
essive-modal — —
inessive z-ben z-kben
superessive z-n z-ken
adessive z-nél z-knél
illative z-be z-kbe
sublative z-re z-kre
allative z-hez z-khez
elative z-ből z-kből
delative z-ről z-kről
ablative z-től z-ktől
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		z-é z-ké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		z-éi z-kéi
Possessive forms of z
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. z-m z-im
2nd person sing. z-d z-id
3rd person sing. z-je z-i
1st person plural z-nk z-ink
2nd person plural z-tek z-itek
3rd person plural z-jük z-ik
  • z in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (context pronunciation) IPA(key): /z/
  • (letter name) IPA(key): /ze/

z (upper case Z)

  1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.
  • IPA(key): /z/ (usually unless before a voiced consonant)
  • IPA(key): /s/ (sometimes before a voiced consonant e.g. Mazmur)

z (lower case, upper case Z)

  1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
  • Used only in loanwords from Arabic, English, etc.

z f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case Z)

  1. The twenty-first letter of the Italian alphabet, called zeta and written in the Latin script.
  • IPA(key): /ˈz/ (before a voiced consonant)
  • IPA(key): /ˈs/ (before a voiceless consonant)
  • Syllabification: w

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and z for development of the glyph itself.

z (lower case, upper case Z)

  1. The thirty-second letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьz.

z

  1. from, out of [with genitive]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n).

z

  1. denotes comitative or sociative relation; with, alongside [with instrumental]
  • Stefan Ramułt (1893) “z”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 258
  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “z”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[1]
  • “z”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

The minuscule form derives from the majuscule Z.

z (lower case, upper case Z)

  1. The twenty-third letter of the Classical Latin alphabet, called zēta.
  • z in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • “z”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

 
Z

z (lower case, upper case Z)

  1. The thirty-second letter of the Latvian alphabet, called zē and written in the Latin script.

z (upper case Z)

  1. The thirty-eighth letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

z (upper case Z)

  1. The thirty-second letter of the Lower Sorbian alphabet, called zet and written in the Latin script.

From Proto-Slavic *jьz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs.

  • ze (used before sibilants and certain consonant clusters)
  • IPA(key): /z/, (before a voiceless consonant) /s/

z (with genitive)

  1. from, out of

From Proto-Slavic *sъ(n), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom.

  • ze (used before sibilants and certain consonant clusters)
  • IPA(key): /z/, (before a voiceless consonant) /s/

z (with instrumental)

  1. with

    Stej bratš ze sotšu.

    They are brother and sister
    (literally, “brother with sister”)

z (lower case, upper case Z)

  1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.
  • IPA(key): /t͡s/, /d͡z/
  • Simple z is almost always /t͡s/. Geminated zz is also predominantly voiceless, but intervocalically it may represent /dd͡z/, notably in the verbal suffix -izza.

z (upper case Z)

  1. The thirtieth letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
  • IPA(key): /z/, /s/
  • Syllabification: z

Inherited from Old Polish z, from Proto-Slavic *jьz.

z [with genitive]

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
  2. denotes elative or delative movement; out of; off of

    • 2018, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, translated by Paweł Pogorzelski and Psioter ôt Sziatków (Piotr Szatkowski), Małi Princ [The Little Prince], →ISBN, page 27:

      Choc to zdawá szie manijacne tisziónc nil ôt wsziéch zaniéskänéch niejsców, kiéj szie je pod zagrózéniém szniérczió, já wijnół z taszi papsiér i psióro.

      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  3. denotes origin or cause; because of, from

Inherited from Old Polish z, from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n).

z [with instrumental]

  1. denotes comitative or sociative relation; with, alongside
  2. denotes instrumental relation; with, by means of

    • 2018, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, translated by Paweł Pogorzelski and Psioter ôt Sziatków (Piotr Szatkowski), Małi Princ [The Little Prince], →ISBN, page 31:

      Ziedżiáłém, co ôkróm walnéch planétów zorti Żiéni, Jozisa, Marsa, Wéneri, chtórném bédżie nadano náma, só esce setki jénákséch, co nizamana só tak malute, co biwá zórg z ôbácéniém jéch nawet z teléskopém.

      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  • (letter name): IPA(key): /set/, /sɛt/
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /s/, /ʃ/

z

  1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Norwegian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
  • Not used in Norwegian, only appears in loanwords from e.g. Slavic.
  • Used interchangeably with s in Internet slang and informal writing.

z (lower case, upper case Z)

  1. The twenty-ninth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs.

z

  1. from, out of [with genitive]
  • Czech: z

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьz. First attested in the 14th century.

z [with genitive]

  1. denotes delative movement; off of
  2. denotes elative movement; out of
  3. denotes duration; since
  4. denotes a change of state; from
  5. denotes the composition of an item; from, out of, of
  6. denotes origin or cause; because of, from
  7. with a noun, denotes manner; by means of, from

z [with accusative]

  1. denotes delative movement; off of

z [with accusative]

  1. denotes delative movement; off of

z

  1. approximately, about
  • Masurian: z
  • Polish: z
  • Silesian: z

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n). First attested in the 14th century.

z [with instrumental]

  1. denotes comitative or sociative relation; with, alongside
  2. denotes instrumental relation; with, by means of
  3. denotes origin or cause; because of, from
  • Masurian: z
  • Polish: z
  • Silesian: z
  • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “z”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and z for development of the glyph itself.

z (upper case Z, lower case)

  1. The thirtieth letter of the Polish alphabet, called zet and written in the Latin script.

Inherited from Old Polish z, from Proto-Slavic *jьz.

z [with genitive]

  1. denotes delative movement; off of
    Jesteś z przodu czy z tyłu? ― Are you at the front or at the back?
  2. denotes duration; since
  3. denotes a change of state; from
  4. denotes origin or cause; because of, from
  5. denotes elative movement; out of
    Jestem z Polski. ― I'm from Poland.
    jeden z dziesięciu ― one out of ten
  6. denotes the composition of an item; from, out of, of
    motyka z drewna ― a hoe made of wood

z

  1. (colloquial) approximately, about, around, ish, or so
    Synonyms: mniej więcej, około
    Mam z pięć jabłek ― I have five ish apples.

Inherited from Old Polish z, from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n).

z [with instrumental]

  1. denotes comitative or sociative relation; with, alongside
    Antonym: bez
  2. denotes instrumental relation; with, by means of
    Podróżuje z prędkością światła! ― It's travelling at the speed of light?
  • The preposition or particle generally changes to ze when the pronunciation of the two consecutive words becomes problematic. Some dictionaries claim that this rule applies to words starting with one of the following consonants: s, z, ś, ź, ż, rz, sz that are followed by another consonant. [1] Examples include:
    Ten pręt jest z żelaza. ― This rod is made of iron.
    Ten pręt jest ze stali. ― This rod is made of steel.
    Pochodzę z Francji. ― I come from France.
    Pochodzę ze Szwecji. ― I come from Sweden.
  • Both z and ze can be used before sobą.

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), z is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 1744 times in scientific texts, 1828 times in news, 1527 times in essays, 1920 times in fiction, and 1291 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 8310 times, making it the 7th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[2]

  1. ^ Wielki słownik poprawnej polszczyzny. Keyword "z".
  2. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “z”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 723, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 2

z (lower case, upper case Z)

  1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

z (lower case, upper case Z)

  1. (International Standard) The thirtieth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
  2. (Pan-Vlax) The thirty-first letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

z (lower case, upper case Z)

  1. The thirty-first letter of the Romanian alphabet, called ze, zet, zed, or zî and written in the Latin script.

z

  1. water
  • Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, volumes 26-27 (2003, Department of Linguistics, University of California), page 74
  • Huang Bufan (editor), Xu Shouchun, Chen Jiaying, Wan Huiyin, A Tibeto-Burman Lexicon (1992; Central Minorities University, Beijing) (has z̊³³)
  • Z (uppercase)

z (Cyrillic spelling з)

  1. (Kajkavian, Chakavian, Croatia) (+ instrumental case) with
  2. (Kajkavian) (+ genitive case) from, out of

z (Cyrillic spelling з)

  1. The 29th letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), preceded by v and followed by ž.

z (upper case Z)

  1. The twenty-third letter of the Seri alphabet, called seta and written in the Latin script.

z

  1. Pre-vocalic form of zo (“a, an”)
  • Moser, Mary B., Marlett, Stephen A. (2010) Comcaac quih yaza quih hant ihiip hac: cmiique iitom - cocsar iitom - maricaana iitom [Seri-Spanish-English Dictionary], 2nd edition, Hermosillo: Plaza y Valdés Editores, →ISBN, page 609.

The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and z for development of the glyph itself.

z (lower case, upper case Z)

  1. The thirty-second letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Inherited from Old Polish z.

z [with genitive]

  1. denotes a point in space or time from which movement or an action starts; from
    Antonym: do
  2. denotes a material from which something is made; from, out of, made of

Inherited from Old Polish z.

z [with instrumental]

  1. denotes that something is a component; with
    Antonym: bez
  2. denotes that something is the contents of a container; with
    Antonym: bez
  3. denotes comitative or sociative relation; with, alongside
    Antonym: bez
  4. denotes conditions or environment in which something occurs; with
    Antonym: bez
  • z in silling.org

z (upper case Z)

  1. The thirty-third letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьz.

z (+ genitive)

  1. from
  • “z”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

See Translingual section.

z

  1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script.
  2. The thirty-fourth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Resian), written in the Latin script.
  3. The twenty-fifth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Natisone Valley dialect), written in the Latin script.

From Proto-Slavic *sъ(n), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom.

z

  1. (with instrumental) with, by means of, using
  2. (with instrumental) (together) with, in the company of
  3. (with genitive) from
  • s (before a voiceless consonant)
  • “z”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
  • “z”, in Termania, Amebis
  • See also the general references
  • IPA(key): (phoneme) /s/, /θ/
  • IPA(key): (letter name, Spain) /ˈθeta/ [ˈθe.t̪a]
  • IPA(key): (letter name, Latin America, Philippines) /ˈseta/ [ˈse.t̪a]

z (lower case, upper case Z)

  1. The twenty-seventh letter of the Spanish alphabet, called zeta and written in the Latin script.
Letter name
Phoneme

z (lower case, upper case Z)

  1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Swedish alphabet, called säta or zäta and written in the Latin script.

Borrowed from Spanish z. Each pronunciation has a different source:

  • Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English z.
  • Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish z.
  • (Standard Tagalog)
    • IPA(key): /ˈzi/ [ˈzi] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
      • IPA(key): (more native-sounding) /ˈsi/ [ˈsi] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
      • Rhymes: -i
    • IPA(key): /ˈzeta/ [ˈzɛː.t̪ɐ] (letter name, Abecedario)
      • IPA(key): (more native-sounding) /ˈseta/ [ˈsɛː.t̪ɐ] (letter name, Abecedario)
      • Rhymes: -eta
    • IPA(key): /z/ [z] (phoneme)
      • IPA(key): (more native-sounding) /s/ [s] (phoneme)

z (lower case, upper case Z, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ)

  1. The twenty-eighth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called zi and written in the Latin script.
  • This letter is mostly used only in proper nouns, unadapted loanwords, or Spanish-based spellings.
  • Some purists of Tagalog replace z in words with s.

z (lower case, upper case Z, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜆ)

  1. (historical) The twenty-eighth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called zeta and written in the Latin script.
  • “z”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

z (lower case, upper case Z)

  1. The twenty-ninth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called ze and written in the Latin script.

z (upper case Z)

  1. The thirtieth letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called ze and written in the Latin script.

z (lower case, upper case Z)

  1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.