e - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

  Modification of capital letter E in uncial script, from Ancient Greek Ε (E, Epsilon).

• Pronunciation of IPA [eː]:

  (file)

e (upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

• (Latin script):  Aa  Bb  Cc  Dd  Ee  Ff  Gg  Hh  Ii  Jj  Kk  Ll  Mm  Nn  Oo  Pp  Qq  Rr  Sſs  Tt  Uu  Vv  Ww  Xx  Yy  Zz
• (Variations of letter E):  Éé  Èè  Êê  Ḙḙ  Ěě  Ĕĕ  Ẽẽ  Ḛḛ  Ẻẻ  Ėė  Ëë  Ēē  Ȩȩ  Ęę  ᶒ  Ɇɇ  Ȅȅ  Ếế  Ềề  Ễễ  Ểể  Ḝḝ  Ḗḗ  Ḕḕ  Ȇȇ  Ẹẹ  Ệệ  ⱸ  ᴇ  Ｅｅ  Ææ  Ǽǽ  Ǣǣ  &  Œœ  ᵫ
• (select similar letters and symbols) ɘ ǝ Ə Ɛ Æ Œ
• (other scripts) ε (epsilon) е
• See Appendix:Variations of "e"

e

1. (mathematics) The base of natural logarithms, also known as Euler's number, a transcendental number with a value of approximately 2.718281828459…
2. (sciences, computing) Symbol separating mantissa from the exponent in scientific notation.

   1.2566e-6 = 1.2566 × 10^-6

3. (IPA) a close-mid front unrounded vowel.
4. (superscript ⟨ᵉ⟩, IPA) [e]-coloring or a weak, fleeting, epenthetic or echo [e].
5. (algebra, group theory) identity element.

   a ∘ e = e ∘ a = a

6. (physics) Electron.
7. (physics) Elementary charge.
8. (mathematics) Eccentricity.

   • 2006 August, Alexander V. Krivov, Artem G. Feofilov, Valeri V. Dikarev, “Search for the putative dust belts of Mars: The late 2007 opportunity”, in Planetary and Space Science, volume 54, numbers 9–10 (in English), →DOI, page 873:

     In addition, we included here another effect—the modulation of the radiation pressure force by the orbital eccentricity of Mars,  —an effect, whose existence was first pointed out by Juhász and Horányi (1995) […]

In the sense as a mathematical constant, the symbol is traditionally represented in an italic font.

• (scientific notation): E
• (electron): e⁻
• (identity element): 1, (chiefly matrices) I

• Letter styles

• Uppercase and lowercase versions of E, in normal and italic type

• Uppercase and lowercase E in Fraktur

• Approximate form of upper case letter E in uncial script that was the source for lower case e

Other representations of E:

The letter name is ultimately from Latin ē. Use of the Latin letter in (Old) English displaced, in whole or in part, five futhorc letters in the 7th century: ᛖ (e), ᚫ (æ), ᛠ (ea), ᛇ (eo), and ᛟ (œ).

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ˈiː/
  • Rhymes: -iː
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ɛ/, /iː/, /ɪ/, /ə/, /eɪ/
  • In addition to the phonemes noted above, "e" can also be silent, representing no sound itself but indicating which phoneme another letter in the word represents. See the article "Silent e" on Wikipedia.

e (lower case, upper case E, plural es or e's)

1. The fifth letter of the English alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin script letters) letter; Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The ordinal number fifth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

e (plural ees)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

• ee

• (Latin-script letter names) letter; a, bee, cee, dee, e, ef, gee, aitch, i, jay, kay, el, em, en, o, pee, cue, ar, ess, tee, u, vee, double-u, ex, wye, zee/zed ^{(Category: en:Latin letter names)}

From a deliberate apheresis of both he and she.

e (third-person singular, nominative case, accusative em, possessive adjective eir, possessive noun eirs, reflexive emself)

1. (rare, epicene, nonstandard) A gender-neutral third-person singular subject pronoun, equivalent to the singular they and coordinate with gendered pronouns he and she.

   • 2000, Jane Love, “Ethics, Plugged and Unplugged: The Pegagogy of Disorderly Conduct”, in James A. Inman, Donna N. Sewell, editors, Taking flight with OWLs: Examining Electronic Writing Center Work, Taylor & Francis, →ISBN, →OL, LCC PE1414.T24 1999, page 193:

     E invites em to consider how ey represent emselves^[sic], and in so doing, e focuses eir attention on the ethics that make human relations possible.

   • 2023, Aimee Ogden, “A Half-Remembered World”, The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, vol. 145, no. 1-2, whole no. 768 (July/August 2023), pages 146-202

     Empre waded out to help them cross the last stretch. More people, a few hundred, perhaps, had gathered along the shore. One of them came running at Melu with a cry—she threw up her arms in defense. But it was Aeran, only Aeran. E seized Asu and clasped her close, eir eyes closed tightly as e sobbed eir relief.

• ey
• see Appendix:English third-person singular pronouns

Abbreviations.

1. (stenoscript) a word-initial letter ⟨e⟩
2. (stenoscript) the long vowel /iː/ at the end of a word, or before a final consonant that is not /dʒ, v, z/. (Note: the final consonant is not written; [ɪə˞] counts as /iːr/.)
3. (stenoscript) the words he, me

e

1. The fifth letter of the Afar alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, T t, S s, E e, C c, K k, X x, I i, D d, Q q, R r, F f, G g, O o, L l, M m, N n, U u, W w, H h, Y y

e (plural e's, diminutive e'tjie)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

• IPA^(key): /e̞/

e (Kana spelling エ)

1. (transitive) to eat

• ipe

• ku (“to drink”)

• edhe, dhe (conjunction)

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• Conjunction e (“and, also”): according to Orel from Proto-Albanian *ō(d), from Proto-Indo-European *ēd ~ *ōd (ablative sg. stem of Proto-Indo-European *ē- ~ *ō-).^[1]

• IPA^(key): [ɛ]

e

1. and
2. also

• edhe, dhe, ende, andej, anë, ani, tani

e m or f or n

1. Third-person singular accusative-case pronominal clitic (him, her, it)

   E di. / S'e di.

   I know it. / I don't know it.

e

1. (of)

   Besa e shqiptarit nuk shitet pazarit.

   The honor of an Albanian can not be sold or bought in a bazaar.

e

1. adjectival article for:
   1. definite masculine singular adjectives in all accusative case
   2. indefinite feminine singular adjectives in the nominative case
   3. definite plural and feminine singular adjectives in the nominative and accusative cases

• -a, -e, -i, -ia, -ja, -o, -u, -të
• e, i, të, së

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): /ə/

e f

1. (indefinite) a/an

• Short forms of the dative – eme, ere, eme – are also common.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

e

1. he

From Latin et.

e

1. and
2. but
3. or

• (and): shi

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /e/

e lower case (upper case E)

1. The sixth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin script letters) hərf; Aa, Bb, Cc, Çç, Dd, Ee, Əə, Ff, Gg, Ğğ, Hh, Xx, Iı, İi, Jj, Kk, Qq, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Öö, Pp, Rr, Ss, Şş, Tt, Uu, Üü, Vv, Yy, Zz

• IPA^(key): /e/, [e̞]

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Basque alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, (Ç ç), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L, l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, (Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

e (indeclinable)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

• (Latin-script letter names) a, be, ze, de, e, efe, ge, hatxe, i, jota, ka, ele, eme, ene, eñe, o, pe, ku, erre, ese, te, u, uve, uve bikoitz, ixa, i greko, zeta

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

e

1. his

From Proto-Brythonic *ɨn, from Proto-Celtic *eni.

e

1. in

It contracts with the articles, see el, en and er.

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈe]
• Rhymes: -e

e f (plural es)

1. the Latin letter E (lowercase e)

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

e

1. e- (electronic)

From clipping of English email.

e

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to email

From the earlier le.

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛ/
• Homophones: è, hè

e f pl (masculine singular u, feminine singular a, masculine plural i)

1. the (feminine plural)

• Before a vowel, e turns into l'.

e f pl

1. them (feminine direct object)

• Before a vowel, e turns into l'.

• https://infcor.adecec.net/

From Latin et.

e

1. and

• Rhymes: -eː
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /eː/

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. the fifth letter of the Dutch alphabet

• Previous letter: d
• Next letter: f

From Latin et, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

• IPA^(key): /e/

e

1. and

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /e/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /e/

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The sixth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin script letters) litero; Aa, Bb, Cc, Ĉĉ, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Ĝĝ, Hh, Ĥĥ, Ii, Jj, Ĵĵ, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Ŝŝ, Tt, Uu, Ŭŭ, Vv, Zz

e (accusative singular e-on, plural e-oj, accusative plural e-ojn)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

• (Latin script letter names) litero; a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, vo, zo ^{(Category: eo:Latin letter names)}

• IPA^(key): /ˈeː/, [ˈeː]

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called ee and written in the Latin script.

e

1. Abbreviation of ehk; or, a.k.a.

• (Latin-script letters) täht; A a, B b (C c), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Š š, Z z, Ž ž, T t, U u, V v (W w), Õ õ, Ä ä, Ö ö, Ü ü (X x, Y y)

e

1. Alternative form of i

• IPA^(key): /eː/
• Rhymes: -eː

e (upper case E)

1. The sixth letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin script letters) bókstavur; Aa, Áá, Bb, Dd, Ðð, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Íí, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Óó, Pp, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Úú, Vv, Yy, Ýý, Ææ, Øø

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and e for information on the development of the glyph itself.

• IPA^(key): /ˈeː/, [ˈe̞ː] (name of letter)

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called ee and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) kirjain; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s (Š š), T t, U u, V v (W w), X x, Y y, Z z (Ž ž), Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö

German musical notation.

e

1. (music) E (note)

Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.

• IPA^(key): /ə/, (also) /ø/, /œ/

e m (plural e)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

From Latin et.

e

1. and

See Translingual section.

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).

• (Latin-script letters) karfeeje; ', A a, B b, Mb mb, Ɓ ɓ, C c, D d, Nd nd, Ɗ ɗ, E e, F f, G g, Ng ng, Ɠ ɠ, H h, I i, J j, Nj nj, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, Ñ ñ, Ɲ ɲ, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Ƴ ƴ

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

e

1. and
2. with

• Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).
• In writing, some add an "h" before and even also after the "e": he,heh. Not sure these would count as variants.

From Latin et.

• IPA^(key): /ˈe/ [ˈe]
• Rhymes: -e

e

1. and

   Túa irmá e eu fomos cear e despois ao cine.

   Your sister and I went to have dinner and then to the cinema.

See Translingual section.

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛ/ [ˈɛ]
• Rhymes: -ɛ

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Galician alphabet, written in the Latin script.

e m (plural es)

1. e (name of the letter E, e)

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á), B b, C c, D d, E e (É é), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í, Ï ï), L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o (Ó ó), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ü ü), V v, X x, Z z

• “e”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “e”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “e”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “e”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG

e

1. Romanization of 𐌴

From Portuguese e. Cognate with Kabuverdianu e.

e

1. and

• IPA^(key): /é/

é

1. she, he, it (third-person singular personal pronoun)

• IPA^(key): /e/

e

1. her, him, it (third-person singular personal object pronoun)

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

e

1. used to mark the following verb as an infinitive; to
2. used before a name, a noun or a phrase to address someone or something

e

1. by (indicating the agent of a verb in the passive voice)

From Proto-Uralic *e-. Cognates include Finnish että and Estonian et.^[1]

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛ]
• Rhymes: -ɛ

e (demonstrative)

1. (chiefly archaic, except before consonant-initial words, as a counterpart of ez) this

   Synonyms: eme, (only determiners; both are archaic or formal) ezen

   az e heti hírek ― this week’s news

   e világi ― of this world, worldly, mundane

   E házban lakott Petőfi Sándor. ― Sándor Petőfi lived in this house.

   E mellett a ház mellett vártam rá. ― I waited for him/her next to this house.

e

1. (archaic, except before most consonant-initial postpositions) this

   Itt a mozi, e mellett lakunk mi. ― Here is the cinema; we live next to this.

   • 1836, Mihály Vörösmarty, Szózat^[1] (Appeal)^[2]

     A nagy világon e kivűl / Nincsen számodra hely;

     In the great world outside of here / There is no place for you

     (“E kívül” would be ezen kívül in present-day Hungarian, formed from ez.)

A rarer substitute of ez, but unlike ez, it does not take the case of the noun it is attached to, and no definite article is used:

ezen a helyen ― e helyen ― at this place (literally, “on this place”)

ebben a házban ― e házban ― in this house

Most consonant-initial postpositions can take e, e.g. e nélkül, e helyett, see Pronominal adverbs from postpositions, in the column “that one, this one”. On the other hand, vowel-initial postpositions take ez (e.g. ez alatt, ez iránt).

e

1. (folksy) look!, hey! (expressing surprise or wanting to get attention)

   E! Hát Józsi meg hová tűnt? ― Hey! Where is Joe?

   Itt van, e! (informal) ― Here it is.

See Translingual section.

• (letter or phoneme itself; identifier): IPA^(key): [ˈɛː]^[2]
• (musical note): IPA^(key): [ˈeː] (in the names of minor scales; see also E)

e (lower case, upper case E)

2. The ninth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Zs zs
• -e (suffix)

• (sound, letter, abbreviation): e , (musical note, its symbol or key/position): e , (pronoun, alternative form of ez): e , (folksy interjection pointing at something nearby): e , (interjection, rare alternative form of eh): e in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• e in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

e

1. water

• Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages

• IPA^(key): /ɛː/

e (upper case E)

1. The sixth letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) bókstafur; A a, Á á, B b, D d, Ð ð, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ú ú, V v, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Þ þ, Æ æ, Ö ö

• IPA^(key): /e/

e (upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L, l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

e

1. Apocopic form of ed

• a (“to”)
• o (“or”)

• IPA^(key): /e/

e (upper case E, lower case e)

1. The fifth letter of the Igbo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• a (retracted tongue position)

e

1. (indefinite) somebody, one, they, people (an unspecified individual).

• Often gets translated into English with the passive voice.

From Portuguese e (“and”).

e

1. and (expresses two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other)

   • 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3:

     Trasê tamêm um vaquinh bem gord e matá par nós comê e par nós regalá

     Bring also a small and very fat cow and kill (it) for us to eat and for us to feast on

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /e/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /e/, /ɛ/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ə/

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

• (rare) et

e

1. and

From Latin et.

e

1. and

   • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 128:

     Caro, cun quil visito bianco e russo.

     Dear, with that little white and red face.

From Latin ē (the name of the letter E).

• IPA^(key): /ˈe/^*
• Rhymes: -e
• Hyphenation: é

e f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Italian alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

e f (invariable)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.; e

• (Latin-script letter names) lettera; a, bi, ci, di, e, effe, gi, acca, i, i lunga, kappa, elle, emme, enne, o, pi, cu, erre, esse, ti, u, vu, doppia vu, ics, ipsilon, zeta

From Latin et.^[1]

• ed (before a word starting with a vowel, especially /e ɛ/.)

• IPA^(key): /e/^*
• Rhymes: -e
• Hyphenation: e

e

2. and
3. (archaic, literary) (e... e) both... and or just ... and (Can we clean up⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

   Synonyms: sia... che, sia... sia

   • 1300s–1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto I”, in Inferno [Hell]‎^[3], lines 4–6; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate]‎^[4], 2^nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

     Ahi quanto a dir qual era è cosa dura ¶ esta selva selvaggia e aspra e forte ¶ che nel pensier rinova la paura!

     Ah me! how hard a thing it is to say ¶ ⁠What was this forest savage, rough, and stern, ⁠¶ ⁠Which in the very thought renews the fear.

• Causes syntactic doubling of a following initial consonant.

e in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

From Ancient Greek αἱ (hai).

e

1. feminine nominative plural of o

e

1. The hiragana syllable え (e) or the katakana syllable エ (e) in Hepburn romanization.
2. The hiragana syllable へ (e) or the katakana syllable ヘ (e) in Hepburn romanization. (as particle)

From Portuguese e.

e

1. and

• IPA^(key): /e/

e

1. there are many, there is much
2. to be a lot (for someone); to displease; to surprise

   Ag mỹ tóg e tĩ.

   They were surprised.

   (literally, “it was a lot for them.”)

From ali or Proto-Philippine *diq (“particle of negation”).

e

1. un-, non-, in-

   Iyang emakapunta

   S/he's Unable to go

   Taung eyakakit

   Invisible man

   Lugud a ekalinguwan

   Unforgettable love

   Ekakabieng bage

   Nonliving things

   Emakasulung

   Unable to proceed

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and e for development of the glyph itself.

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The seventh letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, àã, B b, C c, D d, E e, É é, Ë ë, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, O o, Ò ò, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ù ù, W w, Y y, Z z, Ż ż

From Proto-Oceanic *api, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy. Compare Malay api, Malagasy afo, Tsat pui³³, Palauan ngau, Chuukese ááf, Tongan afi, Samoan afi and Hawaiian ahi.

• IPA^(key): /e/

e

1. fire

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

e

1. A letter of the Latin alphabet.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /eː/, [eː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /e/, [ɛː]

ē f (indeclinable)

1. The name of the letter E.

• (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

• e in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• e in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• e in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• e in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."

Abbreviated from ex.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /e/, [ɛ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /e/, [ɛː]

ē (short form of ex)

2. out of, from

• ē plūribus ūnum

• ē-
• ex

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

• IPA^(key): [ɛ]
• IPA^(key): [æ]

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The seventh letter of the Latvian alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

The letter E/e (like its long counterpart Ē/ē) represent two sounds, [ɛ] — šaurais e (“narrow e”) — and [æ] — platais e (“broad e”). In principle, [ɛ] is used when there is a palatal element (the vowels i, ī, e, ē, the diphthongs ie, ei, and the palatal consonants j, ķ, ģ, ļ, ņ, š, ž, č, dž, and, in the old spelling, ŗ) either in the same or in the following syllable; otherwise, [æ] is used. Unfortunately, some historical changes have obscured this pattern by removing some previously existing palatal elements; as a result of that, for a number of words the actual pronunciation of the letter e — [ɛ] or [æ] — must be memorized.

• (Latvian letters) latviešu burti; Aa, Āā, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ēē, Ff, Gg, Ģģ, Hh, Ii, Īī, Jj, Kk, Ķķ, Ll, Ļļ, Mm, Nn, Ņņ, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Tt, Uu, Ūū, Vv, Zz, Žž

• IPA^(key): [ɛ]

e m (invariable)

1. The Latvian name of the Latin script letter E/e.

• (Latvian letter names) latviešu burtu vārdi; a, garais ā, bē, cē, čē, dē, e, garais ē, ef, gā, ģē, hā, i, garais ī, jē, kā, ķē, el, eļ, em, en, eņ, o, pē, er, es, eš, tē, u, garais ū, vē, zē, žē

• IPA^(key): /e/

From Latin et, from Proto-Indo-European *éti (“beyond, over”).

e

1. and

From Latin illae.

e f pl (singular a)

1. the

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /e/

e (upper case E)

1. The eighth letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) kēratēd̦; A a, Ā ā, Ä ä, Ǟ ǟ, B b, D d, D̦ d̦, E e, Ē ē, F f, G g, H h, I i, Ī ī, J j, K k, L l, Ļ ļ, M m, N n, Ņ ņ, O o, Ō ō, Ȯ ȯ, Ȱ ȱ, Õ õ, Ȭ ȭ, P p, R r, Ŗ ŗ, S s, Š š, T t, Ț ț, U u, Ū ū, V v, Z z, Ž ž

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

e

1. third-person plural present of ij

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

• IPA^(key): /ɛ/ (short phoneme)
• IPA^(key): /a/ (some speakers; when following għ in an unstressed final syllable)
• IPA^(key): /ɛː/ (long phoneme)
• In inherited words, long e occurs only next to vowelised għ or h. In Romance words, it can be long on its own.

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) ittra; A a, B b, Ċ ċ, D d, E e, F f, Ġ ġ, G g, Għ għ, H h, Ħ ħ, I i, Ie ie, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Ż ż, Z z

Onomatopoeic. Compare Italian eh and English eh.

e

1. In isolation, a request for repetition or clarification of what has just been said: eh, what

   Synonyms: xiex, x’inhu

2. Used as a tag question, to emphasise what goes before or to request that the listener express an opinion about what has been said: eh
3. Used to express dissent

• eh

e (e⁵／e⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄜ)

1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 呃

e

1. Nonstandard spelling of ē.
2. Nonstandard spelling of é.
3. Nonstandard spelling of ě.
4. Nonstandard spelling of è.
5. Nonstandard spelling of ê̄.
6. Nonstandard spelling of ế.
7. Nonstandard spelling of ê̌.
8. Nonstandard spelling of ề.

• 《汉语拼音方案》 (Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet) defines a standard pronunciation for each letter in Hanyu Pinyin with Zhuyin. ㄝ (/⁠ɛ⁠/) typically only occurs in syllables with an initial glide (e.g. ㄧㄝ (-ie /⁠i̯ɛ⁠/)), where it is romanized as e. When it occurs in syllables without an initial glide, however, it is romanized as ê in order to distinguish it from ㄜ (-e /⁠ɤ⁠/). Such instances are rare, and are only found in interjections or neologisms.
• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

• IPA^(key): [ø], [e]

e

1. the fifth letter of the modern Latin alphabet

From French et.

• ek

• IPA^(key): [e]

e

1. and

e

1. tasty, delicious

e

1. Alternative form of I (“I”)

e

1. Alternative form of he (“he”)

e

1. Alternative form of he (“they”)

• ee, eje, ewe

From Proto-Germanic *aiwaz, whence also Old Norse ei.

ê

1. always

• German Low German: Ehe

e (construct ehn)

1. leg

• kikin e (“toenail”)
• koapin e (“heel”)

e

1. The eighth letter of the Navajo alphabet:

   e = /ɛ˨/

   ę = /ɛ̃˨/

   é = /ɛ˥/

   ę́ = /ɛ̃˥/

   ee = /ɛː˨˨/

   ęę = /ɛ̃ː˨˨/

   ée = /ɛː˥˨/

   ę́ę = /ɛ̃ː˥˨/

   eé = /ɛː˨˥/

   ęę́ = /ɛ̃ː˨˥/

   éé = /ɛː˥˥/

   ę́ę́ = /ɛ̃ː˥˥/

• IPA^(key): /e/

From Latin de.

'e

e

1. of (used to express ownership)

From Latin et.

e

1. and

See Translingual section.

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /eː/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /eː/, /e/, /ɛ/, /ə/, /æ/

e

1. The fifth letter of the Norwegian alphabet

• /ə/ only appears in unstressed syllables.

e

1. (non-standard since 1938) Alternative form of ei

From Old Norse er.

• IPA^(key): /eː/, /e/, /ɛ/, /ə/, /æ/

e

1. (dialectal, colloquial) Apocopic form of er, present of vera

e

1. (dialectal, parts of Trøndelag and Western Norway) pronunciation spelling of eg (“I”).

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /e/

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The sixth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) banki; A a (Á á, À à), B b, C c, D d, Dz dz, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì), J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, Ts ts, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù), V v, W w, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

Clipping of rè.

• IPA^(key): /è/

è

1. Marks the imperfective aspect, for actions that are not completed.

é

1. Used to link a possessed noun to its possessor.

This particle accompanies several tonal changes, as well as a simplification or elision of the coda of the possessed noun in some cases. Many nouns can be linked directly in possessive constructions without using this particle, chiefly those that denotes humans or animals when used in the singular, although it is impossible to predict exactly which nouns will follow which pattern based on semantics, ancestral noun class, or morphology.

• Crane, Thera, Larry Hyman, Simon Nsielanga Tukumu (2011) A grammar of Nzadi [B.865]: a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, →ISBN

From Old Occitan e, from Latin et.

e

1. and

e f (plural es)

1. e (the letter e, E)

e

1. Alternative form of et

From Latin et, from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

• ⁊

• IPA^(key): /e/

e

1. and (expresses two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other)

• Fala: i
• Galician: e
• Portuguese: e
  • Guinea-Bissau Creole: i, e
  • Indo-Portuguese: e
  • Kabuverdianu: y, i, e
  • Papiamentu: i, y

Alternative form of é

e

1. Alternative form of é

   • Eſta e como ſanta Maria liurou a Abadeſſa prenne q̇ adormecera anto ſeu Altar chorando.

     This one is about how Holy Mary acquitted the pregnant abbess who had fallen asleep crying in front of her altar.

From Latin et.

e

1. and

• Occitan: e

• é (alternative spelling)
• ed, et (alternative forms)
• i

From Latin et, from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

• IPA^(key): /e/

e

1. and
   • c. 1200: Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 64v.

     e el reẏ con ſana q́ auie mando que mataſen todos los ſabios de babilonna e demandaron a danel e aſos conpaneros por matar

     And the king, full of anger, ordered all the wise men of Babylon be put to death, and they sought Daniel and his companions to put them to death.

• Spanish: y, e

e

1. bean.

From Portuguese ele and Spanish él and Kabuverdianu el.

e

1. he, she, third person singular.

From Portuguese este and Spanish este and Kabuverdianu es.

e

1. the (definite article)

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

e

1. he, she, it, third person pronoun

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• ah
• eh

e

1. his, her, hers, its, third person possessive pronoun

   Liho iang eh pwoud.

   The woman joined her husband.

Of Onomatopoeic origin.

e

1. what, in response to being called

The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and e for development of the glyph itself.

• IPA^(key): /ɛ/
• Rhymes: -ɛ
• Syllabification: e
• Homophones: ę, -e, -ę

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The seventh letter of the Polish alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, Ę ę, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż

e

1. (colloquial) hey! (used to call someone's attention)

From Old Galician-Portuguese e (“and”), from Latin et (“and”), from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

• (Brazil, sometimes when emphasised) IPA^(key): /e/
• (Caipira dialect, before a vowel) IPA^(key): /j/
• Homophone: i

e

2. and (connects two clauses indicating that the events occurred together, one after the other or without any special implication)

   Synonym: &

   Eu vim e eles saíram.

   I came and they left.
4. and (connects the last and penultimate elements in a list)

   Eu e ele vamos embora.

   He and I are going away.

   Tenho quatro frutas: uma maçã, uma pera, uma laranja e uma uva.

   I have four fruits: an apple, a pear, an orange and a grape.

6. (emphatic) and (connects every element of a list)

   Ela é baixa, e burra, e preguiçosa, e feia.

   She is short, and stupid, and lazy, and ugly.
8. (logic) and (indicates a conjunction operation)

   Verdadeiro e falso dá falso.

   True and false yields false.

10. (in the format “X e X”) and (indicates a great number of something)

    Esperei por anos e anos.

    I waited for years and years.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:e.

• Guinea-Bissau Creole: i, e
• Indo-Portuguese: e
• Kabuverdianu: y, i, e
• Papiamentu: i, y

e m (uncountable)

1. (logic) and, conjunction

For quotations using this term, see Citations:e.

See Translingual section.

• Hyphenation: e

Letter:

• (Portugal, Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ/, /ˈe/
• Homophone: é

Noun:

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈe/

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ã ã), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, Ê ê), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ô ô, Õ õ), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
• The fifth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, called ê or é and written in the Latin script.

Abbreviation of este

e m (uncountable)

1. Abbreviation of este (east)

e

1. (Internet slang, text messaging) Alternative form of é (“is”)

• IPA^(key): /ˈe/
• Hyphenation: e

From Proto-Polynesian *e. Cognates include Hawaiian e and Maori e.

e

1. Used to mark the subject of a non-stative verb.
2. Used to form a vocative of the following (proper) noun.

• The particle is only obligatory when used with verbs describing first-hand sensing:

  He tike'a koe e au. ― I see you.

• With other verbs, e has an emphatic undertone.

From Proto-Polynesian *e. Cognates include Hawaiian e and Maori e.

e

1. Used to indicate the imperfective aspect.
2. Used to indicate the exhortative mood.
3. Used before numerals to form cardinal numbers.

• Veronica Du Feu (1996) Rapanui (Descriptive Grammars), Routledge, →ISBN, page 67
• Paulus Kieviet (2017) A grammar of Rapa Nui‎^[5], Berlin: Language Science Press, →ISBN, pages 323, 381

• IPA^(key): /ɛ/

e

1. to exist.

e

1. verbal suffix for marking non-past declarative clause.

From an earlier ei, from el.

e m

1. Alternative form of e’ (“the”)

• IPA^(key): /e/

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. (International Standard) The seventh letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
2. (Pan-Vlax) The eighth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).

See Translingual section.

• (letter name) IPA^(key): /e/
• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /e/

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The seventh letter of the Romanian alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See E for pronunciation notes.

• (Latin script letters) Aa, Ăă, Ââ, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Îî, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Șș, Tt, Țț, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

e n (plural e-uri)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

e

1. expression of annoyance, irritation
2. expression of boredom, indifference
3. (when prolonged…eee) expression of surprise, satisfaction, admiration

From Latin est.

• IPA^(key): /je/
• Rhymes: -e

e

1. (informal) third-person singular present indicative of fi

   Synonyms: este, (regional) îi, (familiar) -i

   El e un copil.

   He is a child.

From Latin et.

e

1. (obsolete) and

   Synonym: și

2. (obsolete) but

   Synonyms: dar, iar